• Exposure to irritants distributed by air-conditioning systems such as mould, pollen and pollutants
• Extremely cold weather
• Smoking
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Recent respiratory illness such as bronchitis or pneumonia
Reviewed by Dr Gary Kroukamp MBCHB, FCORL (SA). Ear Nose and Throat Specialist in private practice, Cape Town. February 2015.
Previously reviewed by Dr D. Wagenfeld, MBChB, M.Med, F.C.S.