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Heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet the demands of the body. Failure may affect either or both pumping chambers, or may be limited to filling problems. The condition may occur suddenly, but usually develops slowly.
The commonest cause of heart failure is Coronary Artery disease; the risk factors for CAD thus apply to heart failure as well. Managing these risk factors can significantly affect the course of heart failure.
Treatment can be effective, and usually is a combination of medication and lifestyle changes. Any underlying medical conditions such as diabetes must also be treated. Surgery can be effective for some underlying conditions, such as valve disease.
As a last resort, heart transplantation may be considered. Managing heart failure is a long term process, but lifespan can be extended and quality of life improved.
Reviewed by Dr AG Hall, July 2007.
